With the development of unconventional oil and gas resources, the reservoir damage caused by CO2 during oil displacement and storage, and the corresponding prevention and control strategies, are becoming increasingly prominent. Clarifying the reservoir damage mechanisms during CO2 displacement is crucial for improving the development and storage effectiveness of unconventional reservoirs. This article reviews the reservoir damage mechanisms and influencing factors, including asphaltene precipitation and wettability changes, mineral dissolution and particle migration, inorganic mineral precipitation, and salting out. It also introduces the application effects and advantages and disadvantages of different prevention and control strategies. Future trends in reservoir protection during CO2 displacement and storage are proposed. Whether it"s the development of asphaltene inhibitors and inorganic salt unblocking agents, or the optimization of injection processes, both require consideration of the complex characteristics of the reservoir in the field, posing significant economic challenges. Therefore, a prevention-oriented approach, combining process control with prevention and control, is needed to promote a shift in reservoir protection from passive management to proactive prevention, thereby enhancing the potential for CO2 displacement and storage.