Scale buildup is one of the primary causes of reduced production in oil and gas fields. In response to challenges faced by a high-salinity oilfield, including complex scale composition, unsatisfactory conventional descaling effectiveness, and severe corrosion during the descaling process, this study systematically conducted comprehensive quantitative component analysis, descaling efficiency evaluation, chemical compatibility testing, and corrosion assessment based on actual field scale samples. Accordingly, an efficient and safe descaling strategy was proposed. The results showed that the collected scale samples had high levels of Fe and Ca elements, with the scale composition consisting of 16.33% organic matter and 83.67% inorganic matter. The insoluble organic matter included resin and asphalt, while the inorganic matter comprised 46.02% magnetite, 37.65% calcite, and dolomite. When using the multifunctional anionic scale remover Q Series-at a ratio of 7.5% asphalt gum scale remover + 10% carbonate scale remover + 10% iron oxide scale remover, the descaling effect was excellent, with a descaling rate of 97.58% under conditions of 78°C and 24 hours. The descaling system demonstrated stable performance in high-salinity environments. Even when the NaCl concentration varied within the range of 180,000 to 240,000 mg·L-1, the decrease in descaling efficiency remained within 5% compared to that in a zero-salinity condition, indicating excellent compatibility with formation water. The corrosion potential of the descaling system on well casings was also studied. By adding oleic acid imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt corrosion inhibitors at a concentration of 0.6%, the corrosion rate was reduced to 0.44 mm·a-1, below industry standards. Therefore, this descaling system not only effectively removes mixed scale deposits and reduces the risk of blockages but also minimizes corrosion on equipment, thereby lowering operational costs.