非均质条件下弱凝胶分布与运移深度的可视化研究*
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1.中国石油大学华东石油工程学院;2.中海油田服务股份有限公司‌

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TE357.46

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金“CO2微气泡/两亲聚合物在稠油化学降黏复合驱中协同作用机制研究”(52474071)


Visualization study on distribution and migration depth of weak gel under heterogeneous condition
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China university of petroleum(EAST China)

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    摘要:

    弱凝胶的分布与运移能力直接影响其调驱效果,常规岩心模型中的封堵实验难以实现凝胶分布的直观观测,且对非均质性影响的反映较少。设计了长填砂模型、大尺寸可视化非均质模型和非均质岩心模型中的弱凝胶调驱与CT扫描实验,研究了弱凝胶在模型中的分布与运移深度。长填砂模型结果表明,成胶液在达到终凝时间12.0-14.0 h前,其动态注入压力已显著增大,最高至37.5 MPa,一方面证明了动态成胶的发生,另一方面说明孔隙介质中成胶液终凝前即会出现运移阻力的急剧增大和流动困难,终凝时间不能准确反映成胶液在孔隙介质中的流动性。成胶液注入和后续水驱中,弱凝胶能够运移,但距离较为有限(模型总长21.5 m,胶体挤注0.0-4.2 m,后需水驱运移封堵4.2-8.5 m), 且需要极大的顶替压力(15.0-37.5 MPa范围)。可视化非均质模型中,一轮次弱凝胶封堵深度在27.0 cm左右,后续注水和接续二轮、三轮凝胶时,存在明显绕流,注入压力仅略微增大,前置轮次凝胶并不能明显运移,且会对后续轮次凝胶的运移造成遮挡;三轮次凝胶封堵深度为有限的43.3 cm,远小于模型总长200.0 cm,证明了凝胶在非均质条件下的弱运移或不可运移性。岩心模型中流体分布结果也再次证明,非均质条件下弱凝胶成胶后基本无法有效运移,弱凝胶更多发挥“调剖”作用而非“调驱”。

    Abstract:

    The distribution and migration ability of weak gel directly affect the effect of oil displacement by its application, but the conventional studies in normal cores are difficult to achieve the intuitive observation of gel distribution, and reflect less on the influence of heterogeneity. The flooding experiments of weak gel and CT scanns were designed in a long sand-pack, large size visualized heterogeneous model and a heterogeneous core to study its distribution and migration depth of weak gel in those porous media. The results obtained from the long sand pack show that before the final gelation time of 12.0-14.0 h, the dynamic injection pressure of the gel has increased significantly to a highest 37.5 MPa. On the one hand, it proves the occurrence of dynamic gelation, and on the other hand, it shows that the migration resistance of the gel is greatly increased and the flow difficulty occurs earlier than that final gelation time,as a result, this time can not accurately reflect the fluidity of the gel solution in porous media. During the injection of gel solution and subsequent water flooding, gel can be transported, but the distance is relatively small (total model length 21.5 m, colloid injection 0.0-4.2 m, effective plugging 4.2-8.5 m by transport during subsequent water), and a very large displacement pressure (15.0-37.5 MPa) is required. The results from a visualization heterogenous model indicate that the plugging depth by the first injection of gel is approximately 27.0 cm. When the subsequent water, the second and third rounds of gel are applied, the gel from the initial round does not significantly migrate due to the high plugging strength of gel, the bypass flow of those followed displacing agents and the consequent slightly increased injection pressure. As a result, the plugging depth by those the three rounds of gel is limited to 43.3cm from the total length of the model 200cm. The fluid distribution results in the heterogeneous core model also prove that weak gel can hardly migrate significantly after gelation under heterogeneous conditions, and weak gel plays more of a "profile control" role rather than "flooding associated with dynamic profile control ".

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  • 收稿日期: 2025-06-30
  • 最后修改日期: 2025-08-11
  • 录用日期: 2025-09-12
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