With the development of carbon neutralization goals in China, petroleum is facing a lot of pressure to reduce carbon emission. This study shale gas fracturing fluid flowback low carbon as the goal, shale gas fracturing fluid flowback were analyzed characteristics and potential impact on water quality, and probes into the existing processing technology and principle are reviewed, and points out that the shale gas fracturing fluid flowback process should reduce the pollutant emissions, energy recovery and utilization, saving energy and reducing consumption three aspects, It is suggested that the application of less or no water fracturing technology, clean fracturing fluid technology, new microbial treatment technology, energy saving treatment technology of fracturing flowback fluid, new energy replacement technology and energy saving technology of intelligent equipment in the development of oil and gas fields should be vigorously developed and promoted to ensure the reasonable development and sustainable development of shale gas.