Microencapsulated polymers can achieve slow release and viscosity increase of components，avoiding the influence of rock pore throat shear and reducing ions in water on the viscosity of polyrmer solution during injection process. To clarify the dynamic release and oil displacement performance and adaptability of the microencapsulated polymer in porous media，the oil displacement experiments of microencapsulated polymer pre- and post- shell breaking were conducted in homogeneous and heterogeneous square rock cores，and CT scans were performed on the remaining oil distribution in different displacement stages to determine the oil displacement characteristics of the microencapsulated polymer. The results showed that the initial viscosity of the pre-shell breaking microencapsulated polymer system with mass concentration of 1850 mg/L was low at 0.7 mPa s，and gradually broke with time at high temperature. After shell breaking for 20 h，the viscosity significantly increased to 32.0 mPa·s. When injecting microencapsulated polymers system into the cores for oil recovery in pre- and post- shell breaking states，respectively，at the beginning of polymer injection（0—0.5 PV），the injection pressure of post-shell breaking polymer system was higher than that post-shell breaking；while in the late stage of injection（0.5—1.0 PV），the former was lower than the latter，It was indicated that the microencapsulated polymers injected in their pre-shell breaking state could indeed undergo dynamic shell breaking in porous media，causing a significant increase in injection pressure. The enhanced oil recovery of the pre-shell breaking system was stronger than that of the post-shell breaking system. The recovery rates in homogeneous and heterogeneous models were 43.5%，50.5%， 39.0%，44.5%，respectively. The initial viscosity of the pre- shell breaking polymer system was low，so the system could enter the deep part of the model to release and drive oil，as a result，the residual oil saturation in the rear part of the model was lower；however，after the shell was broken，the system was mainly displaced by the migration capacity and shear degradation of the crude oil in the front part of the model，resulting in higher residual oil saturation in the middle and rear parts，which was also the main reason why the oil recovery rate of pre- shell breaking system rate was more than that of the post- shell breaking system.