The tight-low permeability reservoirs in Yanchang oilfield of Ordos Basin are characterized by low matrix permeability，strong heterogeneity and widespread presence of naturally developed micro-scale fractures. These lead to the problem of fluid easily flowing along fracture channels and high-permeability pore throats during water flooding and CO₂ flooding. Traditional profile control and water shutoff technologies are only effective in the near-wellbore area，which can improve the water absorption profile of injection wells but fail to fundamentally solve the water channeling problem in the deep formation. To address these issues，a green and low-carbon microbial dispersion profile control and plugging agent was developed based on endogenous microorganisms and their metabolic products as growth nuclei，which were dispersed as small spheres in the water phase （i.e.，microbial dispersions）. The results showed that the optimum activation and growth conditions for the microbial dispersion-producing functional strain（Novosphingobium sp.，similarity 98%—99%）were obtained as follows：45 ℃ temperature，60 g/L salinity，7 pH value. The most suitable activation nutrient formula was obtained as follows：carbon source（1.5% molasses），mixed nitrogen source（0.50% sodium nitrate，0.30% ammonium sulfate），trace elements（0.06% industrial yeast powder，0.002% ferrous sulfate， 0.002% manganese sulfate）. Meanwhile，the mechanism of microbial dispersion profile control and plugging was preliminarily clarified. The microbial dispersion-producing functional bacteria formed a matching plugging with the reservoir fracture channels by utilizing their individual adaptive growth and deformation properties，and then continuously migrated and controlled the profile in the deep part of fractures and high-permeability porous media，thereby changing the flow direction of injected water/CO₂ gas and ultimately achieving full profile control. The microbial dispersion had good profile control and plugging capabilities in water flooding/CO₂ flooding environments，with plugging rates all above 80% . The research results provided a reference for the application of microbial dispersion profile control and plugging technology in controlling the fracture channeling zones and high-permeability porous media channeling zones in low-permeability tight oil reservoirs and enhancing oil recovery.