In-depth profile control and oil displacement technology is an important tool to improve the recovery rate of the oil reservoir. Through analysis of the key problems of water channeling and efficient displacement of residual oil，two major contradictions of in-depth profile control and oil displacement technology were explained from two aspects：the contradiction between the injectivity of the profile control agent and the blockage of the deep water breakthrough channels，and the contradiction between in-depth profile control and the displacement of remaining oil. In this paper，the principle of deep profile control technology and its application in low permeability reservoir were reviewed，the advantages and problems of each technology were pointed out，and the development trend of in-depth profile control and oil displacement technology in China was analyzed.