In order to explore the effects of inorganic salts on the rheological properties of anionic Gemini surfactant（GACS416） solution and its mechanism，the influence of inorganic salt type and concentration on the viscosity and viscoelasticity of surfactant solution were measured by DV2T viscometer and MCR 301 interfacial rheometer. The dimensional variations of micelles were studied by dynamic light scattering technique. The experimental results indicated that after adding NaCl and KCl with appropriate concentration，the viscosity of GACS416 solution could be effectively increased，while MgCl2 and CaCl2 has no viscosification effect. With the increase of NaCl concentration，the solution viscosity first increased and then decreased，while the elasticity first weakened and then strengthened. The solution viscosity and viscoelasticity of the solution were the best when the NaCl concentration was 500 mg/L. With the increase of KCl concentration，the viscosity of the solution increased first and then decreased，and the elasticity increased continuously. When NaCl or KCl concentration was lower than 1000 mg/L，the viscosity of the solution could be increased effectively. The microstructure of the solution demonstrated that with the increase of NaCl concentration，the average hydraulic radius of micelles in GACS416 solution first increased and then decreased，and the viscosity and elasticity of the solution first increased and then decreased. However，with the increase of KCl concentration，the average hydraulic radius of micelles gradually increased，and the viscosity and elasticity of the solution also increased correspondently. The solution viscosity and viscoelasticity were the best when the NaCl concentration was 500 mg/L or when the KCl concentration was 1000 mg/L.