In order to improve the fracturing development efficiency of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs，a supramolecular surfactant CPA-1 was prepared using long-chain fatty acid chlorides，N，N-dimethylpropanediamine and vinyl chloride as raw materials. Supramolecular surfactant fracturing fluid was prepared by mixing 2% CPA-1 and 3% potassium chloride. The structure of CPA-1 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy，and then the microstructure of CPA-1 solution and fracturing fluid was compared. The temperature and shear resistance，salt tolerance，sand carrying capacity，gel breaking ability，and reservoir protection performance of fracturing fluid were evaluated. The results showed that CPA-1 solution contained a significant amount of worm like micelles. The addition of potassium chloride could further promote the growth of worm like micelles through electrostatic shielding and hydrogen bonding，leading to the formation of complex micelle aggregate structures. The temperature resistance and shear resistance of fracturing fluid were good. The viscosity could reach 51.8 mPa s after shearing for 120 minutes at 120 ℃ and 170 s^-1. The salt tolerance of fracturing fluid was strong. The use of salt water with mineralization degrees of 25 350，101 400 and 202 800 mg/L to prepare fracturing fluid had little effect on its shear viscosity. The viscosity after shearing 120 minutes was 53.1—62.4 mPa·s. In addition，the fracturing fluid also had good sand carrying capacity，gel breaking performance and reservoir protection performance. At 90 ℃，the settling velocity of ceramic particles in fracturing fluid was only 0.091 cm/min. When the volume fraction of kerosene was 20%，the fracturing fluid could achieve rapid gel breaking within 30 minutes at 80 ℃，with no residue，low surface tension（26.2 mN/m）and oil-water interfacial tension（0.84 mN/m）. The matrix permeability damage rate of artificial and natural rock cores with a permeability of 1.08×10^-3—32.07×10^-3 μm² by fracturing and gel breaking liquid was 3.50%—8.70%，which caused less damage to the reservoir and was suitable for fracturing construction in unconventional oil and gas reservoir.