A large amount of oily sludge is produced in the process of refining，storage，transportation and use of petroleum， which causes serious petroleum waste and environmental pollution. In order to solve the problem，a collaborative process of biosurfactant-sediment microbial fuel cells（SMFC） was proposed. SMFC was constructed using oily sludge pretreated with biosurfactant as the sediment. The effects of three factors，such as biosurfactant，electrogenic microorganism delivery time and oil recovery，on the electrical production and degradation performance of SMFC were investigated through detecting the daily voltage， total output electricity，power density，apparent internal resistance and oil removal rate. The results showed that the effect of biosurfactant and SMFC combined treatment of oily sludge was better than that of biosurfactant or SMFC. After the oily sludge was pretreated with biological surfactant，the addition of electric-producing microorganisms was more conducive to the degradation of oily sludge and the performance of SMFC. Compared with the treatment that electric-producing microorganisms was added before the pretreatment with biosurfactant，the total output electricity was increased by 1463.63 C and the oil removal rate was increased by 17.09 percentage point. The oil-bearing sludge SMFC constructed after recovering the oil with the biosurfactant agent had better electrical production and degradation performance，the maximum output voltage could reach up to 185.27 mV，and the oil removal rate was as high as 63.65% . The biosurfactant-SMFC could obviously improve the degradation and electricity production performance of the oily sludge，and the electric-producing microorganisms should not be put in early，and the oil recovery could greatly improve the electricity production performance of SMFC and the degradation rate of oily sludge.