In order to reveal the effect of cationic monomer and crosslinker concentration on the shear and viscoelasticity of cationic polyacrylamide microsphere aqueous solution，the microspheres with cationic degree of 2%—20%，crosslinking degree of 0，and cationic degree of 10%，crosslinking degree of 0.05%—0.2% were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization，taking acrylamide （AM），methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride（DMC）and N，N'-methylene bisacrylamide（MBA）as raw materials. The high temperature and high pressure rheometer was used to test and evaluate the temperature and shear resistance，shear recovery and viscoelasticity of cationic polyacrylamide microsphere solution. The results showed that the viscosity of polymer microsphere solution could be maintained above 150 mPa·s after shearing for two hours at 80°C and 170 s-1，indicating excellent temperature and shear resistance. With increasing cationicity，the shear resistance and shear recovery of microsphere solution enhanced，and the retention of viscosity increased from 30.79% to 68.56%. When the crosslinking agent was added，the stability of microspheres solution enhanced，and the viscosity retention rate was as high as 85.38%，but the overall viscosity of microspheres solution decreased. In the frequency range of 0.01—10 Hz，the elastic modulus of polymer microsphere solution was always greater than the viscous modulus，showing good elasticity. And as the cationic degree increased，the viscoelastic modulus of microspheres solution tended to increase. With the increase of crosslinking degree，the viscoelastic modulus of microspheres solution increased first and then decreased.