According to the characteristics of low permeability reservoir，such as poor permeability，narrow pore throat and tight rock formation，a flaky two-dimensional（2-D）smart black nano-card oil displacement system was developed. The microstructure， wettability，interfacial property，stability，emulsification and viscosity reduction of 2-D smart black nano-card were studied. The effects of core permeability，nano-black card concentration and crude oil viscosity on the oil displacement effect of 2-D smart black nano-card solution were investigated through one-dimensional core displacement experiments. The results showed that the size of 2-D smart black nano-card was about 60 nm × 80 nm × 1.2 nm. It formed a“surface-surface”contact with oil-water interface，and the interface interaction was very strong. 2-D smart black nano-card had a large specific surface area. It could be uniformly dispersed in the aqueous phase，and exert multiple functions such as wetting reversal，emulsifying and reducing viscosity，reducing interfacial tension，reducing pressure and increasing injection and so on. The experiment results of core displacement showed that core permeability，nano-card concentration and crude oil viscosity had influence on oil displacement effect. When the core permeability was 25 × 10-3 μm2，the amount of nano-card was 0.005% ，and the viscosity of crude oil was 25 mPa·s，the oil displacement effect of 2-D smart black nano-card solution was better，and the enhanced oil recovery rate was 18.10%. The flaky 2-D smart black nano-card could give full play to the function of“intelligent oil exploration”and was suitable for improving oil displacement efficiency in low permeability reservoir.