Ionic liquid has the characteristics of low toxicity，no-corrosion，high solubility in water and organic liquid，and resistance to harsh environment. It is widely used in various fields of petroleum industry，but it is relatively less used as flooding chemical agent. This paper introduced the influencing factors，advantages and disadvantages of ionic liquid as surfactant in flooding，as well as its synergistic application with various oil displacement agents，and pointed out the development direction of ionic liquid surfactant and the problems to be solved in the future research process.