The effect of water flooding development in low permeability oilfield depends on whether the water is "evenly" displacing the whole reservoir. In view of the three problems of water injection development in low permeability oilfield，such as"no injection，no production and no blockage"，the essential causes of water injection，crude oil production and water plugging were analyzed. Two suggestions were put forward：（1）according to the specific circumstances of permeability and crack，design of swellable particle（microspheres）combined with flexible particles，formation of intelligent dynamic displacement control slug along fracture path，suppression of crossflow，greatly expand the swept volume；（2）by means of modification of nano materials，the particles were functionalized to weaken water molecular interaction，realizing the inject and recovery，greatly expanding the low permeability area swept volume，where conventional water flooding can not reach.