In the process of oil production，storage and transportation，oil leakage accidents happened frequently. How to control the pollution of environment effectively had increased a lot of attentions. This article presented the situation of soil pollution by petroleum and some traditional remediation methods including physical，chemical and biological treatment methods. The classification and application of microbial remediation technology was introduced. The article pointed out that isolation， colonization of degrading bacteria and improving the biological availability of petroleum hydrocarbon were the key factors for bioremediation.