In response to the problems such as the failure of traditional lubricants to function properly in the high-temperature and high-salt environment during the drilling of shale oil horizontal wells, as well as their poor environmental performance and insufficient on-site adaptability, this study used 2-aminothiazole and long-chain fatty acids as the main raw materials. Through amide formation reactions, amide compounds containing a thiazole ring and long-chain alkanes were generated. Then, these compounds were combined with vegetable oil, polyoxyethylene castor oil EL-40, Span 80, and polyether defoamer to form a microemulsion-type lubricant named WRH. The molecular structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, salt content, WRH content, etc. on the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient, mud cake adhesion coefficient, anti-wear performance and wetting performance were investigated. Based on this, the mechanism of the action of WRH was analyzed. Finally, the influence on the performance of the drilling fluid and the environmental protection performance were evaluated.The results of molecular structure characterization confirmed that the amino group of 2-aminothiazole successfully underwent an amide reaction with the carboxyl group of long-chain fatty acids, forming a molecular structure that combines polar adsorption groups with hydrophobic lubricating chains.The performance evaluation results showed that at 180℃ high temperature and 15×10?mg/L NaCl high salt conditions, adding 3.0% lubricant WRH could reduce the extreme pressure lubrication coefficient and mud cake adhesion coefficient of the drilling fluid to 0.051 and 0.086, respectively, lowering by 89.2% and 81.9%. The four-ball friction test indicated a friction coefficient of 0.15, a reduction of 53.1%. The wear scar diameter was only 528.6μm, a reduction of 37.6%. The interface wetting test revealed that WRH could increase the contact angle of the steel plate surface from 37.8° to 118.6°, significantly enhancing the hydrophobicity of the shale surface. The mechanism analysis demonstrated that the polar group of the thiazole ring in WRH could form strong adsorption with the metal/ shale surface through hydrogen bonds, while the hydrophobic chain of the long-chain fatty acid was oriented and arranged at the interface to form a dense lubricating film. Meanwhile, the conjugated structure of the thiazole ring could resist the damage of the high-temperature and high-salt environment to the adsorption film, achieving long-term lubrication. The field application test showed that during the drilling of a shale oil horizontal well, adding WRH resulted in a 24% to 27% reduction in drill string torque and a 17.7% increase in drilling efficiency. Moreover, the performance of the drilling fluid system remained stable without environmental pollution issues. This study provided key additives and theoretical support for efficient and green drilling under complex conditions of high temperature and high salt in shale oil horizontal wells, and has significant engineering application value.