The exploration and development of global oil and gas resources are expanding into complex areas such as deep, ultra-deep, and unconventional formations. Drilling engineering has increasingly high quality requirements for drilling fluid materials. However, the currently uneven quality of drilling fluid materials poses significant risks to drilling operations, wellbore quality, and environmental protection. This study aims to identify the predicaments faced by China's oil and gas exploration enterprises in drilling fluid material quality management, pinpoint the critical factors affecting quality performance, and propose effective countermeasures to enhance the efficiency of oil and gas exploration in China. A systematic analysis of the quality control mode and application effects of drilling fluid materials by large oil exploration and development enterprises such as CNPC, combined with statistical results of enterprises and products certificated by CNPC in the past 10 years, reveals prominent issues in the quality supervision of drilling fluid materials in China's oil exploration and development process. These issues include an imperfect standard system and inadequate implementation, complex additive components with insufficient effective components, uneven product quality in the market, limitations in quality inspection and evaluation methods, insufficient attention to environmental protection and waste disposal, etc. It is found that the current surveillance mode targeting the functional performance of drilling fluid materials is the fundamental cause of the current quality issues of drilling fluid materials. It is proposed to improve the standard system and establish a quality control mode centered on chemical composition analysis throughout the entire quality surveillance lifecycle, providing technical support for China's oil and gas enterprises in carrying out quality control of drilling fluid materials.