Aiming at the characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs such as deep burial, high temperature and strong heterogeneity, as well as the key problems in CO2 flooding including low sweep efficiency, performance attenuation of conventional foam for profile control and flooding under high temperature, and frequent gas channeling, this study synthesized the zwitterionic foaming agent CR-Z16 through molecular structure design, and constructed a high-stability CO2 foam channeling control system by combining it with modified nano-SiO2. Systematic laboratory evaluation tests were carried out on the system, covering foaming performance, temperature, salt and pressure resistance, rheological properties, interfacial tension, as well as core plugging and oil displacement. Meanwhile, field application verification was conducted. The results show that the optimal formulation of the system is formation water + 0.4% CR-Z16 + 0.1% modified nano-SiO2 which maintains excellent foaming and foam stability even under the conditions of 110℃ and 100,000 mg/L salinity. The interfacial tension between the system and crude oil decreases to 0.19 mN.m-1 at 23 MPa, exhibiting ultra-low interfacial tension characteristics. Moreover, the system has a significant shear thinning effect, which can meet the requirements of formation seepage. Core tests indicate that compared with water flooding, this system can increase the crude oil recovery degree by 28.6%, and by 28.7% compared with CO2 flooding. Field application results show that the system can significantly increase the gas injection pressure, the average daily oil production of the well group increases from 2.0 t to 4.6 t, and the gas-oil ratio decreases from 197.6 m3/t to 44.3 m3/t. It effectively blocks the gas channeling channels and greatly improves the development effect. This research provides technical support and theoretical basis for gas channeling control in CO2 flooding development of tight sandstone reservoirs.