The processes of oil extraction, transport, and paper production lead to the generation of large quantities of oily wastewater, which poses a great threat to the living environment of human beings. Traditional oil-water separation strategies are usually inefficient, costly and cumbersome. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new, green, economical and efficient materials for oil-water separation. Superhydrophobic materials have attracted much attention in the field of oil-water separation due to their unique properties. In this review, based on the research on superhydrophobic materials used for oil-water separation in recent years by scholars at home and abroad, we firstly give a brief introduction to superhydrophobic materials, and then focus on the research progress of two-dimensional and three-dimensional superhydrophobic oil-water separation materials. Finally, an outlook is given for superhydrophobic oil-water separation materials, including considerations for sustainability and environmental friendliness. This thesis aims to provide some references and inspirations for the research of superhydrophobic materials in the field of oil-water separation.