Nanospheres have been widely used in low permeability reservoir development. In order to study the adsorption mechanism of nano-spheres on rock and mineral surfaces, it is necessary to quantitatively characterize the influence of mineral types on the adsorption capacity of nano-spheres on rock and mineral surfaces. Firstly, starch - cadmium iodide method was used to calibrate the concentration of JCP-1 nano-microsphere emulsion, and then the adsorption capacity of the microspheres on the surface of single component mineral and multi-component mineral was determined respectively. Then, based on the measured data of microsphere adsorption on the surface of single component minerals, the predicted value of microsphere adsorption on the surface of multi-component minerals was obtained by weighted superposition according to the relative content of rock minerals. The results show that the static adsorption capacity of JCP-1 nanospheres on different mineral surfaces varies greatly. The adsorption capacity of clay minerals to microspheres is generally stronger than that of non-clay minerals. Kaolinite has the strongest adsorption capacity for this type of microspheres, which is 14.75 times stronger than quartz. The adsorption capacity of the microspheres on the surface of potash feldspar is much stronger than that of the other two non-clay minerals, and the variation value of adsorption capacity is 1.96 times and 8.42 times of that on the surface of albite and quartz, respectively. For the adsorption capacity of microspheres on the surface of multi-component minerals, the relative error between the predicted value of weighted superposition method and the measured value is within 3%. Finally, based on the adsorption phenomenon at solid-liquid interface during the migration of nanospheres in pore channels, it is considered that the clay minerals on the pore walls strengthen the adsorption of microspheres, which is beneficial to change the pore radius and achieve "partial fluid flow direction" under the condition of "incomplete plugging".