To address the problem of shear viscosity loss of polymers in porous media of low-permeability reservoirs，an ultra-high molecular weight zwitterionic polymer （HSC） with viscosity-average molecular weight of 21 . 38 million was prepared via copolymerization of acrylamide （AM），2 -acrylamide- 2 -methylpropanesulfonic acid （AMPS），dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride （DMDAAC） and a small amount of acrylic acid （AA），followed by post-hydrolysis. Cationic and anionic zwitterionic groups were simultaneously introduced onto the polymer chains. The molecular structure of the target quaternary polymer was characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR. The factors affecting shear viscosity recovery performance were investigated from the aspects of polymer composition and injection rate using a self-built constant-flow capillary shear device，and the viscosity recovery process of the sheared polymer was analyzed by DLS，TEM and rheological characterization. The results showed that the reversible attractive interaction between cationic and anionic groups enhanced the initial viscosity of the polymer and endowed it with viscoelastic properties. After shear thinning in capillary，the ionic bonds between polymer chains could be reestablished spontaneously to reconstruct the associated network，enabling rapid viscosity recovery. The polymer prepared with 20 % AMPS，0 . 02 % ammonium formate，0 . 5 % DMDAAC and 25 % hydrolysis degree exhibited the optimal shear viscosity recovery performance. Under a shear rate of 4500 s^-1，its viscosity could recover to more than 80 % of the initial value within 1 hour. The excellent shear viscosity self-healing property and resistance to formation adsorption endow HSC with great application potential in deep profile control and flooding for low-permeability reservoirs.