磺化处理剂的生物毒性来源及其无毒化处理方法
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中国石油塔里木油田分公司科技项目“勘探新区钻井提速提效及油田钻井液技术攻关与试验”(项目编号 T202117)


Biological Toxicity Source of Sulfide Agents and Some Correspondent Treatment Methods
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    摘要:

    深井水基钻井液常用的磺化处理剂具有显著生物毒性,且未能明确其毒性来源,导致此类处理剂的现场应用受到相关环保法规的限制。为探明磺化处理剂的生物毒性来源,选取典型磺化处理剂,分析了处理剂的官能团、重金属与有机毒害物含量、颗粒形貌等理化特征与其生物毒性间的关系。结果表明,磺化处理剂所含的磺酸基团无生物毒性,所含的微量重金属与有机毒害物亦不足以造成处理剂毒性超标。通过半透膜透析除去残留的磺化剂,然后使用索氏提取器分离出处理剂中的水溶性组分,实现了处理剂的生物无毒,并证明其生物毒性主要由残留的磺化剂——亚硫酸氢钠与焦亚硫酸钠,以及在水中具有良好水化分散性的固相大颗粒对费氏弧菌的吸附失活效应共同导致。最后,使用自制的金属有机框架材料(MOF)对处理剂进行了解聚处理。以处理后的处理剂等量取代磺化钻井液中的磺化处理剂后,钻井液的流变性能基本不变,API 与HTHP滤失量仅出现小幅上升,且取代后的体系实现了生物无毒,为磺化处理剂及磺化钻井液的沿用提供了坚实的技术保障。

    Abstract:

    Sulfonated treatments commonly used in deep-well water-based drilling fluids have significant biotoxicity without exact sources,which lead to the restriction of environmental protection regulations. To solve this problem,the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of typical sulfonated treatments,such as functional groups,content of heavy metals and organic poisons,particle morphology,and their biotoxicity was analyzed. The results showed that the sulfonic acid groups in agents were not biotoxic,and the traces of heavy metals and organic toxicants were negligible factors. The removal of residue by dialysis through a semi-permeable membrane and the followed separation of water-soluble components using a Soxhlet extractor made the treatments biologically non-toxic,further demonstrating the predominate contribution of residual sulfonating agents (sodium bisulfite and sodium metabisulfite)and the adsorptive inactivation of solid-phase large particles dispersed in water on the Vibrio fischeri to the biotoxicity. Finally,the sulfonated agent was depolymerized using a homemade MOF. When replacing the sulfonated treatment agent in the sulfonated drilling fluid with the biologically non-toxic treated agent,the rheological properties of the drilling fluid were basically unchanged,the API and HTHP filtration loss only increased slightly. The sulfonated drilling fluid system realizes biological non-toxicity,which provide a powerful technical support for the application of sulfonated treatments.

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王春生,朱金智,张 震,张绍俊,吴晓花,罗 霄,李 强.磺化处理剂的生物毒性来源及其无毒化处理方法[J].油田化学,2024,41(4):579-587.
WANG Chunsheng, ZHU Jinzhi, ZHANG Zhen, ZHANG Shaojun, WU Xiaohua, LUO Xiao, LI Qiang. Biological Toxicity Source of Sulfide Agents and Some Correspondent Treatment Methods[J]. OILFIELD CHEMISTRY,2024,41(4):579-587.

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