Polymer microspheres drive conditioning are one of the main techniques to improve water drive effectiveness. The transportation in formation and effectively detection in extracted water of microspheres will directly affect the modulation drive. So the fluorescent carbon dots were introduced into the microsphere drive conditioner to play the role of tracer. The fluorescent core-shell microspheres drive conditioner formed from a mixture of core microsphere solution containing fluorescent carbon dots and shell layer aqueous solution. In order to reduce the interference of impurities in the extracted water after oil-water separation on the effective detection of core-shell fluorescent microspheres，the feasibility of the method was verified by firstly performing a linear fitting between the concentration of fluorescent microspheres and fluorescence intensity. Then the extracted water was adsorbed by silica gel. The practicability of silica gel adsorption was verified by comparing the fluorescence emission spectra of the extracted water before and after adsorption. Finally，the fluorescent microspheres prepared from the extracted water were adsorbed with silica gel，and then the standard curve of fluorescence intensity and microsphere concentration was plotted. The results showed that at the excitation wavelength of 347 nm，there was a good linear relationship between the mass concentration of fluorescent microspheres and the fluorescence intensity at the emission wavelength of 445 nm，with the correlation coefficient of determination （R²）of 0.9870. The fluorescence intensity of the water-driven extracted water was significantly reduced after silica gel treatment. The silica gel adsorption could effectively remove the impurities in extracted water. At the excitation wavelength of 347 nm，the fluorescence spectrometer slit of 10—20 nm，and the mass concentration of microspheres from 1 to 1200 mg/L，the mass concentration of fluorescent core-shell microspheres in aqueous dispersion （x） was positively and linearly related to the fluorescence emission peak at 462 nm（y）. The fitted equation was y=2497.1042+3.1847x，with R² of 0.9972，which had a high confidence level. The linear phase between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of core-shell microspheres could meet the requirements of field detection. The method could provide a reference for the quantitative detection of fluorescent microsphere content in similar reservoirs.