Deep profile control，as an important technology to improve recovery，has been widely used for water channeling treatment in inhomogeneous reservoirs. In order to solve the contradiction between the injectivity of profile control agent and its in-depth plugging in the process of water channeling treatment，the self-assembled deep plugging technology was proposed based on the host-guest molecular recognition principle. Firstly，the host nanoparticles with a particle size of 170 nm and surface containing β-cyclodextrin group were prepared by emulsion polymerization using acrylamide，N，N'-methylene-diacrylamide，allyl group-β-cyclodextrin，and styrene as raw materials. Then，the guest polymers with a molecular weight below 4000 and a molecular weight distribution between 1.1 and 1.4 were prepared by controlled radical polymerization using cetyldimethyl allyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide as raw materials. The self-assembled profile control system was constructed by host nanoparticles and guest polymers. The self-assembly properties of nanoparticles and polymers were evaluated by the viscosity of self-assembled profile control system. Based on core displacement experiments，the injection-plugging performance of self-assembled profile control system was evaluated. The results showed that due to the host-guest recognition between the hydrophobic alkyl chain in guest polymer molecule and the β-cyclodextrin group on the surface of host nanoparticles，the β-cyclodextrin group encapsulated the hydrophobic alkyl chain to form an inclusion complex，while the guest polymer played a“bridge”role. The nano-particles self-assembled and aggregated to form clusters，which slowly increased the viscosity of profile control system to about 90 mPa·s. The injection performance of profile control system consisting of 0.1% nanoparticles and 0.2% polymer was good，with a resistance coefficient of 2.0. After self-assembly，subsequent water flooding was carried out，with a residual resistance coefficient of 3.42 and a plugging rate of 70.7%. This study provided a new approach to alleviate the contradiction between injectivity and in-depth plugging of profile control agents.