With the development of carbon neutral goals in China，petroleum is facing a lot of pressure to reduce carbon emission. Taking low carbon treatment of shale gas fracturing fluid flowback as the goal，the characteristics and potential impact on water quality of shale gas fracturing fluid flowback were analyzed. The existing processing technology and principle were introduced. It was pointed out that the shale gas fracturing fluid flowback process should proceed from three aspects，such as reducing the pollutant emissions，energy recovery and utilization，saving energy and reducing consumption. Furthermore，it was suggested that these technologies，such as less or no water fracturing technology，clean fracturing fluid technology，new microbial treatment technology，energy saving treatment technology of fracturing flowback fluid，new energy replacement technology and energy saving technology of intelligent equipment，should be vigorously developed and promoted in the development of oil and gas fields， which ensured the reasonable development and sustainable development of shale gas.