In order to study the effect of the hydrophobic chain length on the performance of the hydroxyl propylsulfobetaine，dodecyl（myristyl/cetyl/octadecyl）-2-hydroxy-1- propylsulfobetaine were synthesized using epichlorohydrin and primary amine（dodecyl/myristyl/cetyl/octadecyl amine）as the main raw materials and the surface tension，critical micelle concentration（c_cmc） and foam properties of the solutions were tested. The results shown that with increase of hydrophobic carbon length of hydroxyl propylsulfobetaine increased from C12 to C18，the surface tension of the solutions with the same concentration decreased，the c_cmc value decreased from 3.36 mmol/L to 1.60 mmol/L and γ_cmc value decreased from 9.6 mN/m to 25.8 mN/m，respectively. In addition，the foaming performance and synergism action with SDS of hydroxyl propylsulfobetaine improved with the increase of the hydrophobic carbon chain length.