In order to reveal the effect of temperature on the physical and chemical properties and the stability of micellar structure of anionic surfactant at critical micelle concentration，the surface tension，foam half-life and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate （C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na） and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S） solution were measured. The physical and chemical properties such as viscosity activation energy，micelle standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change were studied. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration of C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na and C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S was 0.008 and 0.002 mol/L at room temperature respectively. The surface tension and foam half-life of two surfactants decreased exponentially and the viscosity decreased linearly with the increase of temperature. The viscosity activation energy of C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S was 1.96 times of that of C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na，but the efficiency of reducing surface tension and adsorption trend of C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na were more than that of C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S. The standard micellization free energy and standard enthalpy change of C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na were larger than that of C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S，and the micellar structure was more stable.