According to Daqing Lamadian reservoir geology and fluid properties as the research object, the composition of polymer and surfactant (SP) binary complex system and its effect on oil displacement were studied. The results showed that under the condition of equal reagent cost and fixing polymer concentration (2200 mg/L), the apparent viscosity of oil displacement agent and the interfacial tension increased with increasing surfactant concentration and decreasing alkali concentration in appropriate concentration range. Compared with ASP(alkali/surfactant/polymer) ternary compound system, the resistance coefficient and residual resistance coefficient of SP binary compound system was larger, and the ability of fluid diversion was stronger. But when the surfactant concentration was too high (2.0%), the resistance coefficient and residual resistance coefficient would decrease. When the surfactant mass fraction increased from 0.5% to 5.0%, the enhanced oil recovery rate of SP system increased first and then decreased, and the maximum value 22.5% appeared with 1.5% surfactant dosage, the output/input ratio decreased from 6.7 to 0.8. When the surfactant dosage was 0.5%—1.5%, the economic effect of SP binary flooding technical was better. When the quantity of alkali increased from 0.4% to 1.2%, the enhanced oil recovery rate of poly/alkali binary compound flooding decreased from 14.2% to 9.9%. The optimum formula of SP binary complex system was 2000 mg/L polymer and 0.5%—1.5% surfactant.