Aiming at the problem of the water-blocking damage in low permeability reservoirs，the method of using surfactant to change the wettability of the reservoir was proposed to achieve anti-water blocking effect in this paper. The effects of reducing the surface tension and changing the wettability of the reservoir by anionic（SDAS-1、SDAS-2）and amphoteric（SDAS-3、SDAS-4）surfactants and their complex system were investigated. The results showed the two surfactants could retard the strong water-wet surface of sandstone reservoirs；moreover，the complex system was better than single agent，and the reduction of quasi-adhesion work was obvious，showing synergistic effect. By optimizing the concentration and ratio，the constructed SDAS-3/SDAS-1 complex system could reduce the surface tension to 24.37 mN/m at low concentration，the quasi-adhesion work to 11.22，which made the hydrophilic surface of quartz transition to neutral wetting. The optimum ratio of complex system was 1∶1，the concentration of each component was 1×10-4 mol/L. It was found that the self-priming amount of the core to the optimized complex system was reduced to 0.85 g/24 h compared with 2.85 g/24 h of standard brine，and the permeability damage rate of was reduced to 21.4% compared with 73.4% of the standard brine，the time of the oil phase passing through the sand tube was 50% lower than that of the standard brine，which showed that the constructed complex system had a good anti-water blocking effect.