Foam flooding technology had been widely used in the exploitation process of various reservoirs due to its excellent oil displacement mechanism. However，most reservoir environments were characterized by high temperature，high salinity and low permeability，which had adverse effects on foam stability. The stability of foam was the key factor to determine the foam flooding efficiency. Nanoparticles had special surface effect，interface effect and small-size effect，which could be used as a foam stabilizer to enhance the stability of foam，thereby improving the oil displacement effect of the foam in porous medium. This paper introduced the mechanisms of nanoparticles-stabilized foam including improving the property of foam liquid film，slowing down the rate of foam disproportionation and forming compact and stable structure. And the influences of nanoparticle concentration，nanoparticle wettability，nanoparticle size，temperature，oil saturation and salinity on the stability of nanoparticles-stabilized foam were analyzed.The oil displacement mechanisms of nanoparticles-stabilized foam including increasing the interaction between foam and oil，improving foam plugging characteristics and changing reservoir wettability were summarized. Finally the research development direction of nanoparticles-stabilized foam was proposed.